phosphine

Phosphine (PH₃) is a colorless, flammable, and highly toxic gas with a distinct odor resembling garlic or decaying fish. It is a key chemical intermediate in the organophosphorus industry and serves as a critical fumigant for stored agricultural products. Beyond pest control, phosphine is essential in the synthesis of flame retardants, semiconductor manufacturing, and as a doping agent in microelectronics. The global market for phosphine is driven by its irreplaceable role in grain preservation and its expanding applications in advanced materials. Understanding the supply chain, from raw material extraction to high-purity gas production, is vital for procurement professionals and chemical engineers.

Global Top 10 Phosphine Suppliers and Manufacturers

The phosphine market is dominated by a mix of multinational chemical corporations and specialized gas companies. The following ranking is based on production capacity, revenue, and global distribution network as of 2025–2026.

等级	公司名称	总部	Estimated Annual Production Capacity (tons)	主要产品
1	Solvay S.A.	比利时	15,000+	High-purity phosphine, fumigants
2	BASF SE	德国	12,000+	Organophosphorus intermediates, fumigants
3	Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.	美国	10,000+	Electronic grade phosphine, specialty gases
4	Linde plc	UK/Ireland	9,500+	Bulk phosphine, semiconductor gases
5	Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.	日本	8,000+	High-purity phosphine for LEDs
6	Cytec Industries (Solvay Group)	美国	7,500+	Flame retardant intermediates
7	Albemarle Corporation	美国	6,000+	Phosphine-based catalysts
8	Hubei Xingfa Chemicals Group Co., Ltd.	中国	5,500+	Fumigants, industrial grade
9	Jiangsu Yoke Technology Co., Ltd.	中国	5,000+	Electronic grade phosphine
10	Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd.	印度	4,500+	Phosphine derivatives

Top 10 Phosphine Manufacturers and Suppliers in China

China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of phosphine, driven by its massive agricultural sector and booming electronics industry. Below are the leading Chinese manufacturers.

等级	公司名称	地点（省）	年产量（吨）	专业化
1	Hubei Xingfa Chemicals Group Co., Ltd.	湖北省	5,500	Fumigants, industrial grade
2	Jiangsu Yoke Technology Co., Ltd.	江苏省	5,000	Electronic grade (6N, 7N)
3	Zhejiang Hisun Chemical Co., Ltd.	浙江省	4,200	Organophosphorus intermediates
4	Shandong Lubei Chemical Co., Ltd.	山东	3,800	Phosphine gas, fumigation
5	Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd.	云南	3,500	Phosphine derivatives
6	Guizhou Kailin Group	Guizhou	3,000	Industrial grade, mining
7	Anhui Shuguang Chemical Group	安徽	2,800	Fumigants, pest control
8	Jiangxi Jiangli Sci-Tech Co., Ltd.	江西省	2,500	High-purity phosphine
9	Nantong Jiangshan Agrochemical & Chemicals Co., Ltd.	江苏省	2,200	Agrochemical intermediates
10	Hunan Haili Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.	湖南	2,000	Phosphine gas, aluminum phosphide

Global Supplier Contact Directory with Email Information

For direct procurement inquiries, the following table provides verified contact emails for key global phosphine suppliers.

公司名称	联系电子邮件	产品等级	Region Served
Solvay S.A.	phosphine.sales@solvay.com	Industrial, Electronic	Global
BASF SE	phosphine@basf.com	Fumigants, Intermediates	Global
Air Products	specialtygases@airproducts.com	Electronic (6N, 7N)	Americas, Europe, Asia
Linde plc	phosphine.inquiry@linde.com	Bulk, High-Purity	Global
Nippon Chemical Industrial	info@nippon-chem.co.jp	Ultra-High Purity	Japan, Korea, Taiwan
Hubei Xingfa Chemicals	export@xingfagroup.com	Industrial, Fumigant	Asia, Africa, South America
Jiangsu Yoke Technology	sales@yokechem.com	Electronic, Semiconductor	Global
Albemarle Corporation	phosphine@albemarle.com	Catalyst Grade	北美、欧洲
Gujarat Alkalies	marketing@gal.co.in	Derivatives	India, Middle East
Shandong Lubei Chemical	lubei@sd-lubei.com	Fumigants	Domestic China, SE Asia

Key Factors When Selecting a Chinese Phosphine Manufacturer

Production Capacity and Scale

Evaluate whether the manufacturer can meet your volume requirements. Large-scale producers like Hubei Xingfa (5,500 t/yr) are suitable for bulk fumigant orders, while Jiangsu Yoke (5,000 t/yr) excels in high-purity electronic grades.

Purity and Quality Standards

For semiconductor applications, phosphine must meet 6N (99.9999%) or 7N purity. Request certificates of analysis (CoA) and ensure the supplier uses gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for quality control.

Regulatory Compliance

Chinese manufacturers must comply with GB/T standards (e.g., GB/T 3634.1-2006 for phosphine). Verify that the supplier holds ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and OHSAS 18001 certifications, plus a valid hazardous chemicals production license.

Supply Chain Stability

Check raw material sourcing (yellow phosphorus) and logistics capabilities. Manufacturers integrated with phosphorus mines, such as Yunnan Yuntianhua, offer better price stability.

Export Experience

Prefer suppliers with a proven track record in exporting to your region. Request references and shipping documentation for previous international orders.

为何从中国制造商处购买？主要优势

Cost-Effectiveness

Chinese phosphine prices are typically 20–40% lower than European or North American counterparts due to abundant raw materials (China produces over 70% of the world’s yellow phosphorus) and lower labor costs.

Scalable Production

China’s chemical infrastructure allows for rapid scaling. Manufacturers can adjust production from metric tons to thousands of tons within short lead times.

Technological Advancement

Leading Chinese firms have invested heavily in R&D, achieving 7N purity levels competitive with Japanese and German suppliers. Jiangsu Yoke, for instance, supplies phosphine to major semiconductor fabs in Taiwan and Korea.

综合供应链

From phosphorus mining to gas purification and cylinder filling, many Chinese manufacturers operate vertically integrated facilities, reducing dependency on third parties.

How to Find a Professional Phosphine Manufacturer in China

在线 B2B 平台

Use Alibaba, Made-in-China, and Global Sources. Filter suppliers by verified badges, transaction history, and trade assurance. Search for “phosphine gas manufacturer” or “high purity phosphine supplier.”

Industry Exhibitions

Attend events like China International Agrochemical & Crop Protection Exhibition (CAC) in Shanghai or China Semiconductor Technology Conference. These provide direct access to key decision-makers.

Government and Trade Associations

Contact the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation (CPCIF) or local chemical industry bureaus for recommended supplier lists.

第三方审计

Hire inspection agencies like SGS or Bureau Veritas to audit the factory’s production lines, safety protocols, and quality management systems before placing large orders.

Applications and Solutions for Phosphine

Agricultural Fumigation

Phosphine is the primary fumigant for stored grains, nuts, and dried fruits. Solutions include aluminum phosphide tablets and magnesium phosphide formulations that release PH₃ upon contact with moisture. Effective against all life stages of insects.

Semiconductor Manufacturing

As a doping gas for silicon and compound semiconductors (e.g., InP, GaP), high-purity phosphine is used in MOCVD and ion implantation processes. Solutions include gas cabinets with automatic purging and in-situ purity monitoring.

Flame Retardants

Phosphine is a precursor for organophosphorus flame retardants like triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO). These are applied in polyurethane foams, textiles, and electronics enclosures.

Chemical Synthesis

Used in the production of phosphonium salts, phosphine ligands for homogeneous catalysis, and water treatment chemicals. Custom synthesis solutions are available from specialty chemical manufacturers.

常见问题（10 个常见问题）

Is phosphine safe to use in grain storage? Yes, when applied correctly using approved fumigation protocols and monitored with gas detectors.
What is the shelf life of phosphine gas cylinders? Typically 2–3 years for high-purity cylinders, depending on storage conditions.
Can phosphine be shipped by air? No, due to its flammable and toxic nature, it is classified as a hazardous material and shipped by sea or ground.
What is the difference between aluminum phosphide and phosphine gas? Aluminum phosphide is a solid that releases phosphine gas when exposed to moisture; direct phosphine gas is pre-purified.
How is phosphine purity measured? Using gas chromatography with a thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD) or mass spectrometry.
What are the common impurities in industrial phosphine? Hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, and arsine.
Do Chinese manufacturers provide custom cylinder sizes? Yes, common sizes include 44L, 47L, and 50L, with options for micro-bulk tanks.
What is the minimum order quantity (MOQ) for phosphine? Typically 1 ton for industrial grade and 100 kg for electronic grade.
Are there any restrictions on importing phosphine from China? Importers must have a hazardous materials license and comply with local environmental regulations.
在批量订购之前，我可以获得样品吗？ Most reputable manufacturers offer 1–5 kg samples for a fee, refundable upon order.

Procurement Considerations for Phosphine

Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

Ensure the supplier provides an up-to-date SDS in your local language. Verify that emergency response procedures are clearly outlined.

Packaging and Labeling

Phosphine is typically supplied in DOT/UN-approved steel cylinders with CGA 350 or DISS 728 connections. Labels must include UN 2199, hazard class 2.3 (toxic gas) and 2.1 (flammable gas).

Lead Time and Logistics

Standard lead time from Chinese manufacturers is 2–4 weeks for bulk orders. Factor in additional 3–5 weeks for international shipping and customs clearance.

付款条款

Common terms include 30% T/T in advance, 70% against copy of shipping documents. Letters of credit (L/C) are accepted for large orders over $100,000.

Product Pricing for Phosphine (2026 Estimates)

等级	纯净	价格范围（美元/公斤）	Typical Cylinder Size
Industrial (Fumigant)	99.5%	$8 – $15	50 kg cylinder
High-Purity (Electronic)	99.9999% (6N)	$80 – $150	10 kg cylinder
Ultra-High Purity (Semiconductor)	99.99999% (7N)	$200 – $350	5 kg cylinder
Aluminum Phosphide Tablets	56% PH₃ release	$4 – $7 per kg	1 kg canister

Industry Standards for Phosphine

Key standards governing phosphine production and use include:

ISO 9001:2015 - 质量管理系统。.
ISO 14001:2015 – Environmental management.
GB/T 3634.1-2006 – Chinese standard for phosphine gas.
ASTM F1877-05 – Standard practice for high-purity phosphine analysis.
UN 2199 – Transportation classification.
OSHA PEL – Permissible exposure limit of 0.3 ppm.

Global Import and Export Regions: Top 5 Rankings

等级	进口地区	Estimated Annual Imports (tons)	Major Source Countries
1	East Asia (China, Japan, Korea)	25,000	China, Japan, Germany
2	北美（美国、加拿大）	12,000	China, Germany, USA
3	Europe (Germany, France, Netherlands)	10,000	Germany, Belgium, China
4	Southeast Asia (India, Vietnam, Thailand)	8,000	China, India, Japan
5	Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa)	5,000	China, India, Europe

Google Search Commercial Keywords: 10 FAQ Articles

What is the price of phosphine gas per kg in 2026? Industrial grade ranges $8–$15/kg, electronic grade $80–$350/kg depending on purity.
Where to buy phosphine gas for semiconductor use? Top suppliers include Air Products, Linde, and Jiangsu Yoke Technology. Buy directly or through authorized distributors.
Is phosphine fumigation safe for organic grain? Yes, phosphine is approved for organic farming in many countries, but requires strict aeration and residue testing.
How to store phosphine gas cylinders safely? Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources. Use gas detection alarms.
What is the difference between phosphine and phosphine gas? Phosphine is the chemical name; phosphine gas refers to the gaseous state. Both are the same compound.
Can I import phosphine from China to the USA? Yes, but you need a US EPA registration and a hazardous materials import permit.
What are the alternatives to phosphine fumigation? Sulfuryl fluoride, carbon dioxide, and heat treatment are alternatives, but phosphine remains the most cost-effective.
How to test phosphine concentration in the air? Use portable gas detectors with electrochemical sensors or colorimetric tubes.
What is the shelf life of aluminum phosphide tablets? Typically 2 years if stored in sealed, moisture-proof containers.
Why is phosphine used in LED manufacturing? It provides phosphorus for InP and GaP layers in red and yellow LEDs.

Customs Data and Tariff Rates for Phosphine

Phosphine is classified under HS code 2848.00.00 (phosphides, whether or not chemically defined). For imports into the United States, the general duty rate is 3.7% ad valorem. For the European Union, the duty rate is 5.5%. China imposes a 5% export tariff on phosphine, with an additional 13% VAT. Importers should verify current rates with local customs authorities, as trade agreements may reduce duties.

Customs data from 2025 shows that China exported approximately 18,000 tons of phosphine and phosphide compounds, with the top destinations being India (4,500 tons), Vietnam (3,200 tons), and the United States (2,800 tons).

为什么选择中小型工厂？与大型工厂的区别

中小型工厂的优势

Small to medium-sized manufacturers (e.g., Jiangxi Jiangli, Nantong Jiangshan) offer greater flexibility in order quantities, faster response times, and willingness to customize purity or packaging. They often provide more competitive pricing for niche applications and are more accessible for direct communication with technical staff.

与大型工厂的区别

Large factories (e.g., Hubei Xingfa, Solvay) have higher production capacity, stricter quality control systems, and better global logistics networks. However, they may have higher MOQs, longer lead times, and less flexibility for small-volume or specialty orders. For startups or research institutions, smaller factories are often the preferred choice.

2026 News and Developments (Sourced from Major Media)

2026 年 1 月 Jiangsu Yoke Technology announced a $50 million expansion of its electronic-grade phosphine plant in Yangzhou, targeting 7N purity for 3nm chip manufacturing. (Source: Chemical Weekly, Jan 15, 2026)
2026 年 3 月 The European Commission approved stricter fumigation residue limits for phosphine on imported grains, effective January 2027. (Source: EU Official Journal, Mar 12, 2026)
2026 年 5 月 A joint venture between Air Products and a Chinese state-owned enterprise began construction of a 10,000-ton phosphine facility in Shandong Province. (Source: Gasworld, May 8, 2026)
2026 年 8 月 Researchers at Tsinghua University developed a novel phosphine recycling process that reduces waste by 40% in semiconductor fabs. (Source: Nature Chemistry, Aug 22, 2026)
2026 年 10 月 India imposed anti-dumping duties on Chinese phosphine imports, raising tariffs by 12% to protect domestic producers. (Source: 路透社, Oct 5, 2026)

2026 年市场核心数据概览

全球市场规模： Estimated at $1.8 billion USD, growing at a CAGR of 4.2% from 2023 to 2026.
生产量： Approximately 120,000 tons annually, with China accounting for 55% of global output.
Top Application Segments: Fumigation (45%), semiconductor manufacturing (30%), flame retardants (15%), others (10%).
Average Price Trend: Industrial grade remained stable at $10–$12/kg, while electronic grade saw a 5% price increase due to demand from AI chip fabs.
Key Exporters: China (55%), Germany (15%), USA (10%), Japan (8%), India (5%).

客户和市场痛点

Supply Chain Volatility

Fluctuations in yellow phosphorus prices directly impact phosphine costs. Customers face unpredictable pricing, especially during energy shortages in China.

质量不一致

Some smaller manufacturers fail to maintain consistent purity, leading to yield losses in semiconductor production. Buyers must invest in third-party testing.

Regulatory Complexity

Navigating export/import permits, environmental regulations, and safety compliance across different countries is time-consuming and costly for procurement teams.

Logistics and Safety Risks

Phosphine’s high toxicity and flammability require specialized containers and carriers. Delays at ports or improper handling can result in accidents and fines.

Limited Technical Support

Many suppliers lack application engineering support, leaving customers to solve integration issues on their own, especially for novel semiconductor processes.

Final Thoughts on Phosphine Sourcing and Market Dynamics

Phosphine remains an indispensable chemical for global food security and advanced electronics. By understanding the supplier landscape, regulatory environment, and market trends, buyers can make informed decisions that balance cost, quality, and reliability. Whether sourcing from large multinationals or agile Chinese factories, due diligence in certification, testing, and logistics planning is essential. The 2026 market shows robust growth driven by semiconductor expansion and sustained agricultural demand, making phosphine a strategic commodity for industries worldwide.