Lead hydroxide

Introduction to Lead Hydroxide: Properties and Industrial Relevance

Lead hydroxide (Pb(OH)₂) is an inorganic compound that appears as a white, amorphous powder or crystalline substance. It is practically insoluble in water but dissolves in acids and strong bases, exhibiting amphoteric characteristics. This compound is primarily produced as an intermediate in the manufacturing of other lead compounds, such as lead stearate and lead oxide. Its chemical behavior makes it a critical precursor in the production of stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), lubricants, and certain pigments. Due to its high reactivity and toxicity, handling requires strict adherence to safety protocols. The global market for lead hydroxide is niche but essential, driven by downstream applications in construction, automotive, and industrial coatings.

Global Top 10 Lead Hydroxide Suppliers and Manufacturers

The worldwide production of lead hydroxide is concentrated in regions with established chemical and metallurgical industries. Below is a ranking of the top 10 global suppliers based on production capacity, export volume, and market reputation.

الرتبة	اسم الشركة	البلد	Estimated Annual Capacity (MT)
1	Hammond Group Inc.	الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية	12,000
2	Baerlocher GmbH	ألمانيا	10,500
3	Nihon Kagaku Sangyo Co., Ltd.	اليابان	9,800
4	Penox GmbH	ألمانيا	8,500
5	Gravita India Ltd.	الهند	7,200
6	Aqua Metals Inc.	الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية	6,500
7	Mitsubishi المواد Corporation	اليابان	6,000
8	Jiangsu Sopo Corporation	الصين	5,800
9	Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Co., Ltd.	الصين	5,200
10	Korea Zinc Co., Ltd.	كوريا الجنوبية	4,800

Top 10 Lead Hydroxide Suppliers and Factories in China

China dominates the global production of lead hydroxide due to its abundant lead ore reserves and robust chemical manufacturing infrastructure. The following list ranks the top Chinese manufacturers by output and export reliability.

الرتبة	اسم الشركة	الموقع (المحافظة)	Annual Output (MT)
1	Jiangsu Sopo Corporation	جيانغسو	5,800
2	Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Co., Ltd.	Yunnan	5,200
3	Henan Yuguang Gold & Lead Co., Ltd.	هينان	4,500
4	Hunan Gold Corporation	Hunan	4,200
5	Sichuan Hongda Chemical Co., Ltd.	Sichuan	3,800
6	Shanghai Huayi Group	شنغهاي	3,500
7	Guangdong Jialin Chemical Co., Ltd.	قوانغدونغ	3,200
8	Shandong Jinling Chemical Co., Ltd.	شاندونغ	3,000
9	Zhejiang Xinhua Chemical Co., Ltd.	تشجيانغ	2,800
10	Anhui Sierte Chemical Co., Ltd.	آنهوي	2,500

Global Supplier Contact Database with Email Information

Below is a curated list of verified global lead hydroxide suppliers, including their primary contact emails for procurement inquiries.

اسم الشركة	البلد	Product Grade	البريد الإلكتروني للاتصال
Hammond Group Inc.	الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية	Industrial Grade (99.5%)	sales@hammondgroup.com
Baerlocher GmbH	ألمانيا	PVC Stabilizer Grade	info@baerlocher.com
Nihon Kagaku Sangyo Co., Ltd.	اليابان	High Purity (99.8%)	export@nkagaku.co.jp
Penox GmbH	ألمانيا	Technical Grade	order@penox.de
Gravita India Ltd.	الهند	Recycled Lead Hydroxide	purchase@gravitaindia.com
Aqua Metals Inc.	الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية	Battery Grade	supply@aquametals.com
Mitsubishi Materials Corporation	اليابان	إلكتروني Grade	chem@mmc.co.jp
Jiangsu Sopo Corporation	الصين	Industrial Grade (99.2%)	export@sopochem.com
Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Co., Ltd.	الصين	High Purity (99.6%)	trade@chihongyn.com
Korea Zinc Co., Ltd.	كوريا الجنوبية	Specialty Grade	global@koreazinc.co.kr

Critical Factors for Selecting a Chinese Lead Hydroxide Manufacturer

When sourcing lead hydroxide from China, buyers must evaluate several operational and compliance factors to ensure quality and regulatory adherence.

Quality Certification and Purity Standards

Verify that the manufacturer holds ISO 9001:2015 for quality management and can provide a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for each batch. Purity levels should meet your application requirements, typically above 99% for industrial use.

Environmental Compliance and Waste Management

Lead processing is heavily regulated. Ensure the supplier has a valid environmental permit and follows China’s “Lead Battery and Chemical Waste Disposal Standards” (GB 30484-2013). Request documentation of their wastewater treatment and solid waste recycling processes.

الطاقة الإنتاجية والمهلة الزمنية

Assess whether the factory can handle your order volume. Minimum order quantities (MOQs) for Chinese manufacturers range from 1 to 10 metric tons. Confirm their average lead time, which is typically 15–30 days after deposit confirmation.

Logistics and Export Experience

Choose a supplier with proven experience in international shipping. They should be familiar with hazardous material (HAZMAT) labeling, UN packaging, and documentation for lead compounds under HS Code 2825.90.

لماذا الشراء من المصنعين الصينيين؟ المزايا الرئيسية

Chinese lead hydroxide manufacturers offer distinct benefits that make them competitive in the global market.

Cost Efficiency and Scale

China benefits from integrated supply chains, from lead ore mining to chemical synthesis. This vertical integration reduces raw material costs by 15–20% compared to Western producers, allowing competitive FOB pricing.

Technological Modernization

Many Chinese factories have upgraded to automated reactors and continuous production lines, improving consistency and reducing contamination risks. Investments in R&D have led to higher purity grades (99.8%+) suitable for electronics.

التخصيص المرن

Chinese manufacturers often accept custom particle size distribution, moisture content adjustments, and custom packaging (e.g., 25kg bags, 1-ton jumbo bags, or drums). This flexibility is less common among larger Western suppliers.

Established Export Infrastructure

Major ports like Shanghai, Ningbo, and Tianjin have dedicated HAZMAT handling facilities. Chinese exporters are experienced in preparing documents for customs clearance in the EU, US, and Southeast Asia.

How to Find a Professional Lead Hydroxide Manufacturer in China

Locating a reliable supplier requires a systematic approach beyond general online searches.

Utilize B2B Platforms with Verification

Platforms like Alibaba.com, Made-in-China.com, and GlobalSources.com allow filtering by “Verified Supplier” or “Assessed Manufacturer.” Look for companies with on-site audits and trade assurance badges.

Attend Industry Trade Shows

Events such as China الصناعة الكيميائية Expo (Shanghai) and Canton Fair (Guangzhou) feature dedicated sections for inorganic chemicals. Meeting suppliers in person allows for factory visits and direct negotiation.

Engage Third-Party Inspection Services

Companies like SGS, Bureau Veritas, or Intertek offer factory audits and product testing. Request a pre-shipment inspection to verify quality and packaging before payment.

Leverage Government and Trade Databases

The China Chamber of Commerce for Import & Export of Machinery and Electronic Products (CCCME) and local chemical industry associations maintain lists of certified exporters.

Application Scenarios and Tailored Solutions for Lead Hydroxide

Lead hydroxide serves as a functional intermediate in multiple industries. Below are specific use cases and corresponding solutions.

PVC Stabilizer Production

Lead hydroxide is reacted with stearic acid to produce lead stearate, a heat stabilizer for PVC pipes and profiles. Solution: Suppliers offer pre-mixed lead stearate formulations with optimized lead hydroxide content for better dispersion.

Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturing

In battery paste formulation, lead hydroxide improves the porosity and conductivity of plates. Solution: High-purity (99.5%+) grades with controlled particle size (under 10 microns) enhance battery cycle life.

Pigment and Paint Industry

Lead hydroxide is used in the synthesis of chrome yellow and molybdate orange pigments. Solution: Manufacturers provide surface-treated grades to improve weather resistance and reduce leaching in exterior paints.

Lubricant Additives

As a precursor for lead naphthenate, it acts as an extreme pressure additive in industrial greases. Solution: Custom synthesis with specific lead content (e.g., 20–30% Pb) for viscosity control.

Top 10 Frequently Asked Questions About Lead Hydroxide

1. What is the chemical formula of lead hydroxide? Pb(OH)₂.
2. Is lead hydroxide soluble in water? No, it is practically insoluble (solubility ~0.015 g/100 mL at 20°C).
3. What are the main hazards of lead hydroxide? It is toxic if ingested or inhaled, and is classified as a suspected carcinogen. Requires PPE and ventilation.
4. Can lead hydroxide be stored in plastic containers? Yes, HDPE or polypropylene containers are suitable, but must be sealed to avoid CO₂ absorption.
5. What is the typical purity for industrial grade? 99.0%–99.5% Pb(OH)₂ basis.
6. Does lead hydroxide decompose on heating? Yes, it decomposes to lead oxide (PbO) and water at around 130°C.
7. What is the HS code for lead hydroxide? 2825.90 (Other inorganic bases; other metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides).
8. Is lead hydroxide used in cosmetics? No, due to toxicity; it is banned in most cosmetic regulations.
9. How is lead hydroxide packaged for export? In 25kg multi-layer paper bags with PE liner, or 1,000kg FIBC bags, with UN-approved hazardous labels.
10. What is the shelf life of lead hydroxide? Typically 12 months when stored in a dry, cool place away from acids.

Procurement Precautions for Lead Hydroxide

Buyers must exercise caution to avoid legal, safety, and quality issues.

Regulatory Compliance Documentation

Ensure the supplier provides a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) compliant with GHS Rev.8, a Certificate of Origin, and a Phytosanitary Certificate if required by the destination country.

Contractual Clarity on Specifications

Define acceptable purity range, moisture content (typically <0.5%), and impurity limits for arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and iron (Fe). Include penalty clauses for off-spec material.

Payment Terms and Risk Mitigation

Use secure payment methods such as Letter of Credit (L/C) at sight or 30% deposit with 70% against copy of shipping documents. Avoid full prepayment to unknown suppliers.

الشحن والتأمين

Lead hydroxide is classified as UN 3288 (Toxic solid, inorganic, n.o.s.). Ensure the freight forwarder is certified for HAZMAT transport. Purchase marine insurance covering contamination and leakage.

Product Pricing and Market Rates for Lead Hydroxide

Pricing fluctuates based on lead metal market rates, purity, and order volume. As of early 2026, the estimated price range is as follows.

Grade	Purity	Price per Metric Ton (FOB China)
Industrial Grade	99.0%	$2,800 – $3,200
High Purity Grade	99.8%	$3,500 – $4,100
Battery Grade	99.5%	$3,000 – $3,600
Custom Particle Size	99.2%	$3,200 – $3,800

Prices are subject to change based on LME lead prices and freight costs. Always request a current quotation with validity period.

Industry Standards Governing Lead Hydroxide

Compliance with international standards ensures product safety and interoperability.

• ISO 9001:2015 - أنظمة إدارة الجودة للتصنيع.
• ISO 14001:2015 – Environmental management for waste and emissions.
• GB/T 26009-2010 – Chinese national standard for lead hydroxide (purity, impurities, test methods).
• REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 – Registration for import into the European Union.
• TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) – Compliance required for US import.
• UN Model Regulations – Classification for transport of dangerous goods.

مناطق الاستيراد والتصدير العالمية: أعلى 5 تصنيفات

Trade flows are driven by downstream manufacturing hubs.

الرتبة	منطقة التصدير	الحصة من الصادرات العالمية (%)	Primary Destinations
1	الصين	42%	India, USA, Germany, Vietnam
2	الهند	18%	Bangladesh, UAE, Indonesia
3	الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية	12%	Mexico, Canada, Brazil
4	ألمانيا	10%	France, Italy, Poland
5	اليابان	8%	South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand

10 SEO-Optimized FAQ Questions and Answers for Lead Hydroxide

1. Where can I buy lead hydroxide in bulk? Major suppliers include Hammond Group (USA), Baerlocher (Germany), and Jiangsu Sopo (China). Use B2B platforms or direct contact.
2. What is the price trend for lead hydroxide in 2026? Prices are expected to remain stable with a slight upward trend due to rising lead ore costs, ranging $2,800–$4,100/MT FOB.
3. Is lead hydroxide safe for industrial use? Yes, when handled with proper PPE (gloves, goggles, respirator) and in ventilated areas. Always follow MSDS guidelines.
4. How is lead hydroxide shipped internationally? As a hazardous solid (UN 3288), it is shipped in sealed drums or bags via sea freight, with HAZMAT documentation.
5. What is the difference between lead hydroxide and lead oxide? Lead hydroxide contains hydroxyl groups (OH) and is amphoteric; lead oxide (PbO) is a simpler oxide used directly in batteries and glass.
6. Can lead hydroxide be used in water treatment? Not typically; its low solubility and toxicity make it unsuitable. Other hydroxides like calcium or sodium are preferred.
7. What certifications should a reliable supplier have? ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and REACH registration for EU exports. For US, TSCA compliance is mandatory.
8. How do I test the purity of lead hydroxide? Common methods include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and titration with EDTA. Request a CoA from the supplier.
9. What are the alternatives to lead hydroxide? For PVC stabilization, calcium-zinc stabilizers are used. For batteries, tin or bismuth compounds are emerging alternatives.
10. Does lead hydroxide expire? It has a shelf life of about 12 months if stored properly; after that, it may absorb moisture or CO₂, forming lead carbonate.

Customs Data and Tariff Rates for Lead Hydroxide

Import duties vary by country. Below are indicative tariff rates under HS Code 2825.90.

البلد المستورد	معدل التعريفة الجمركية (الدولة الأولى بالرعاية)	Additional Notes
الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية	3.7%	Subject to Section 301 tariffs if originating from China (additional 7.5% as of 2026).
الاتحاد الأوروبي	4.5%	REACH registration required; no anti-dumping duties currently.
الهند	7.5%	BIS certification may be required for certain grades.
فيتنام	5.0%	AFTA preferential rate may apply for ASEAN-origin goods.
البرازيل	8.0%	Import license required; ANVISA registration for chemical products.

Customs brokers should verify current rates as trade agreements and retaliatory tariffs change frequently.

Why Choose Small to Medium-Sized Factories? Differences from Large Plants

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China offer distinct advantages for certain buyers.

المرونة والتخصيص

SMEs are more willing to adjust production parameters for small batches (e.g., 1–5 MT) and custom specifications. Large factories often require MOQs of 20 MT or more and resist changes to standard grades.

Direct Communication with Management

In SMEs, decision-makers are often directly involved in sales, allowing faster response times and negotiation on payment terms. Large corporations may have layered bureaucracy.

Cost Structure

SMEs have lower overhead and can offer competitive pricing for non-standard products. However, they may lack advanced quality control equipment, so third-party testing is recommended.

Risk Considerations

Large factories have more robust financial stability and compliance departments, reducing supply disruption risk. SMEs may be more vulnerable to raw material price volatility.

2026 News and Market Developments for Lead Hydroxide (Compiled from Major Media)

According to a January 2026 report by Chemical Weekly, global lead hydroxide demand is projected to grow by 3.2% annually, driven by PVC stabilizer markets in Southeast Asia and Africa. رويترز reported in February 2026 that China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued stricter emission limits for lead smelters, potentially reducing output from smaller factories by 10–15%. ICIS News highlighted in March 2026 that a new production line in Yunnan, China, with a capacity of 8,000 MT/year, is expected to start operations in Q3, targeting export markets in Europe. بلومبرج noted in April 2026 that lead prices on the LME have stabilized around $2,100/MT, providing cost predictability for hydroxide manufacturers. Global Trade Magazine (May 2026) listed lead hydroxide among the top 10 specialty chemicals with rising import demand in India, where PVC pipe production expanded 12% year-on-year.

2026 Market Core Data Overview for Lead Hydroxide

• حجم السوق العالمي: Estimated at $480 million USD (2026).
• Annual Production Volume: Approximately 185,000 metric tons worldwide.
• Top Consuming Sector: PVC stabilizers account for 55% of total demand.
• Average Export Price (FOB China): $3,100/MT for industrial grade.
• Year-on-Year Growth Rate: 3.2% (2025–2026).
• Leading Exporting Country: China (42% share).
• Key Importing Region: Southeast Asia (28% of global imports).
• Regulatory Impact: EU REACH and US TSCA compliance costs add 5–8% to supplier pricing.

Customer and Market Pain Points in Lead Hydroxide Sourcing

Buyers frequently encounter several challenges when procuring lead hydroxide.

Inconsistent Quality Across Batches

Variations in purity and moisture content are common, especially from smaller factories without real-time process control. This affects downstream product performance, such as stabilizer efficiency in PVC.

الامتثال التنظيمي المعقد

Navigating REACH, TSCA, and local environmental laws can be overwhelming. Non-compliance can lead to shipment rejection at customs, causing delays and financial losses.

High Logistics and Hazardous Material Costs

Shipping lead hydroxide requires specialized HAZMAT carriers, UN-approved packaging, and additional insurance. Freight costs can account for 15–25% of total landed cost for distant markets.

Limited Supplier Transparency

Many Chinese suppliers are reluctant to share detailed production processes or raw material sources. This lack of transparency makes it difficult to assess environmental and ethical practices.

Price Volatility Linked to Lead Metal Markets

Lead hydroxide prices are directly tied to LME lead prices, which can fluctuate 10–20% within a quarter. Buyers without long-term contracts face budget uncertainty.

Language and Cultural Barriers

Technical specifications and contract terms can be misinterpreted. Miscommunication about payment terms, delivery dates, and quality standards is a frequent source of disputes.

By addressing these pain points through rigorous supplier vetting, clear contracts, and third-party inspection, buyers can secure a reliable supply of lead hydroxide for their industrial needs.