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Lead hydroxide
📑 目录
- 📄 Introduction to Lead Hydroxide: Properties and Industrial Relevance
- 📄 Global Top 10 Lead Hydroxide Suppliers and Manufacturers
- 📄 Top 10 Lead Hydroxide Suppliers and Factories in China
- 📄 Global Supplier Contact Database with Email Information
- 📄 Critical Factors for Selecting a Chinese Lead Hydroxide Manufacturer
- └ 📌 Quality Certification and Purity Standards
- └ 📌 Environmental Compliance and Waste Management
- └ 📌 生产能力和交货时间
- └ 📌 物流和出口经验
- 📄为何向中国制造商采购？主要优势
- └ 📌 Cost Efficiency and Scale
- └ 📌 Technological Modernization
- └ 📌 灵活定制
- └ 📌 Established Export Infrastructure
- 📄 How to Find a Professional Lead Hydroxide Manufacturer in China
- └ 📌 Utilize B2B Platforms with Verification
- └ 📌 参加行业展会
- └ 📌 聘用第三方检测服务机构
- └ 📌 Leverage Government and Trade Databases
- 📄 Application Scenarios and Tailored Solutions for Lead Hydroxide
- └ 📌 PVC Stabilizer Production
- └ 📌 Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturing
- └ 📌 Pigment and Paint Industry
- └ 📌 Lubricant Additives
- 📄 Top 10 Frequently Asked Questions About Lead Hydroxide
- 📄 Procurement Precautions for Lead Hydroxide
- └ 📌 Regulatory Compliance Documentation
- └ 📌 Contractual Clarity on Specifications
- └ 📌 Payment Terms and Risk Mitigation
- └ 📌 Shipping and Insurance
- 📄 Product Pricing and Market Rates for Lead Hydroxide
- 📄 Industry Standards Governing Lead Hydroxide
- 📄 全球进出口地区：五大排名
- 📄 10 SEO-Optimized FAQ Questions and Answers for Lead Hydroxide
- 📄 Customs Data and Tariff Rates for Lead Hydroxide
- 📄 Why Choose Small to Medium-Sized Factories? Differences from Large Plants
- 📄 2026 News and Market Developments for Lead Hydroxide (Compiled from Major Media)
- 📄 2026 Market Core Data Overview for Lead Hydroxide
- 📄 Customer and Market Pain Points in Lead Hydroxide Sourcing
Introduction to Lead Hydroxide: Properties and Industrial Relevance
Lead hydroxide (Pb(OH)₂) is an inorganic compound that appears as a white, amorphous powder or crystalline substance. It is practically insoluble in water but dissolves in acids and strong bases, exhibiting amphoteric characteristics. This compound is primarily produced as an intermediate in the manufacturing of other lead compounds, such as lead stearate and lead oxide. Its chemical behavior makes it a critical precursor in the production of stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), lubricants, and certain pigments. Due to its high reactivity and toxicity, handling requires strict adherence to safety protocols. The global market for lead hydroxide is niche but essential, driven by downstream applications in construction, automotive, and industrial coatings.
Global Top 10 Lead Hydroxide Suppliers and Manufacturers
The worldwide production of lead hydroxide is concentrated in regions with established chemical and metallurgical industries. Below is a ranking of the top 10 global suppliers based on production capacity, export volume, and market reputation.
| 等级 | 公司名称 | 国家 | Estimated Annual Capacity (MT) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hammond Group Inc. | 美国 | 12,000 |
| 2 | Baerlocher GmbH | 德国 | 10,500 |
| 3 | Nihon Kagaku Sangyo Co., Ltd. | 日本 | 9,800 |
| 4 | Penox GmbH | 德国 | 8,500 |
| 5 | Gravita India Ltd. | 印度 | 7,200 |
| 6 | Aqua Metals Inc. | 美国 | 6,500 |
| 7 | Mitsubishi 材料 Corporation | 日本 | 6,000 |
| 8 | Jiangsu Sopo Corporation | 中国 | 5,800 |
| 9 | Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Co., Ltd. | 中国 | 5,200 |
| 10 | Korea Zinc Co., Ltd. | 韩国 | 4,800 |
Top 10 Lead Hydroxide Suppliers and Factories in China
China dominates the global production of lead hydroxide due to its abundant lead ore reserves and robust chemical manufacturing infrastructure. The following list ranks the top Chinese manufacturers by output and export reliability.
| 等级 | 公司名称 | 地点（省） | Annual Output (MT) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jiangsu Sopo Corporation | 江苏省 | 5,800 |
| 2 | Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Co., Ltd. | 云南 | 5,200 |
| 3 | Henan Yuguang Gold & Lead Co., Ltd. | 河南 | 4,500 |
| 4 | Hunan Gold Corporation | 湖南 | 4,200 |
| 5 | Sichuan Hongda Chemical Co., Ltd. | 四川 | 3,800 |
| 6 | Shanghai Huayi Group | 上海 | 3,500 |
| 7 | Guangdong Jialin Chemical Co., Ltd. | 广东 | 3,200 |
| 8 | Shandong Jinling Chemical Co., Ltd. | 山东 | 3,000 |
| 9 | Zhejiang Xinhua Chemical Co., Ltd. | 浙江省 | 2,800 |
| 10 | Anhui Sierte Chemical Co., Ltd. | 安徽 | 2,500 |
Global Supplier Contact Database with Email Information
Below is a curated list of verified global lead hydroxide suppliers, including their primary contact emails for procurement inquiries.
| 公司名称 | 国家 | 产品等级 | 联系电子邮件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hammond Group Inc. | 美国 | Industrial Grade (99.5%) | sales@hammondgroup.com |
| Baerlocher GmbH | 德国 | PVC Stabilizer Grade | info@baerlocher.com |
| Nihon Kagaku Sangyo Co., Ltd. | 日本 | High Purity (99.8%) | export@nkagaku.co.jp |
| Penox GmbH | 德国 | Technical Grade | order@penox.de |
| Gravita India Ltd. | 印度 | Recycled Lead Hydroxide | purchase@gravitaindia.com |
| Aqua Metals Inc. | 美国 | Battery Grade | supply@aquametals.com |
| Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | 日本 | 电子设备 等级 | chem@mmc.co.jp |
| Jiangsu Sopo Corporation | 中国 | Industrial Grade (99.2%) | export@sopochem.com |
| Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Co., Ltd. | 中国 | High Purity (99.6%) | trade@chihongyn.com |
| Korea Zinc Co., Ltd. | 韩国 | Specialty Grade | global@koreazinc.co.kr |
Critical Factors for Selecting a Chinese Lead Hydroxide Manufacturer
When sourcing lead hydroxide from China, buyers must evaluate several operational and compliance factors to ensure quality and regulatory adherence.
Quality Certification and Purity Standards
Verify that the manufacturer holds ISO 9001:2015 for quality management and can provide a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for each batch. Purity levels should meet your application requirements, typically above 99% for industrial use.
Environmental Compliance and Waste Management
Lead processing is heavily regulated. Ensure the supplier has a valid environmental permit and follows China’s “Lead Battery and Chemical Waste Disposal Standards” (GB 30484-2013). Request documentation of their wastewater treatment and solid waste recycling processes.
生产能力和交付周期
Assess whether the factory can handle your order volume. Minimum order quantities (MOQs) for Chinese manufacturers range from 1 to 10 metric tons. Confirm their average lead time, which is typically 15–30 days after deposit confirmation.
物流和出口经验
Choose a supplier with proven experience in international shipping. They should be familiar with hazardous material (HAZMAT) labeling, UN packaging, and documentation for lead compounds under HS Code 2825.90.
为何向中国制造商采购？主要优势
Chinese lead hydroxide manufacturers offer distinct benefits that make them competitive in the global market.
Cost Efficiency and Scale
China benefits from integrated supply chains, from lead ore mining to chemical synthesis. This vertical integration reduces raw material costs by 15–20% compared to Western producers, allowing competitive FOB pricing.
Technological Modernization
Many Chinese factories have upgraded to automated reactors and continuous production lines, improving consistency and reducing contamination risks. Investments in R&D have led to higher purity grades (99.8%+) suitable for electronics.
灵活定制
Chinese manufacturers often accept custom particle size distribution, moisture content adjustments, and custom packaging (e.g., 25kg bags, 1-ton jumbo bags, or drums). This flexibility is less common among larger Western suppliers.
Established Export Infrastructure
Major ports like Shanghai, Ningbo, and Tianjin have dedicated HAZMAT handling facilities. Chinese exporters are experienced in preparing documents for customs clearance in the EU, US, and Southeast Asia.
How to Find a Professional Lead Hydroxide Manufacturer in China
Locating a reliable supplier requires a systematic approach beyond general online searches.
Utilize B2B Platforms with Verification
Platforms like Alibaba.com, Made-in-China.com, and GlobalSources.com allow filtering by “Verified Supplier” or “Assessed Manufacturer.” Look for companies with on-site audits and trade assurance badges.
参加行业展会
Events such as China 化学工业 Expo (Shanghai) and Canton Fair (Guangzhou) feature dedicated sections for inorganic chemicals. Meeting suppliers in person allows for factory visits and direct negotiation.
聘请第三方检测服务
Companies like SGS, Bureau Veritas, or Intertek offer factory audits and product testing. Request a pre-shipment inspection to verify quality and packaging before payment.
Leverage Government and Trade Databases
The China Chamber of Commerce for Import & Export of Machinery and Electronic Products (CCCME) and local chemical industry associations maintain lists of certified exporters.
Application Scenarios and Tailored Solutions for Lead Hydroxide
Lead hydroxide serves as a functional intermediate in multiple industries. Below are specific use cases and corresponding solutions.
PVC Stabilizer Production
Lead hydroxide is reacted with stearic acid to produce lead stearate, a heat stabilizer for PVC pipes and profiles. Solution: Suppliers offer pre-mixed lead stearate formulations with optimized lead hydroxide content for better dispersion.
Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturing
In battery paste formulation, lead hydroxide improves the porosity and conductivity of plates. Solution: High-purity (99.5%+) grades with controlled particle size (under 10 microns) enhance battery cycle life.
Pigment and Paint Industry
Lead hydroxide is used in the synthesis of chrome yellow and molybdate orange pigments. Solution: Manufacturers provide surface-treated grades to improve weather resistance and reduce leaching in exterior paints.
Lubricant Additives
As a precursor for lead naphthenate, it acts as an extreme pressure additive in industrial greases. Solution: Custom synthesis with specific lead content (e.g., 20–30% Pb) for viscosity control.
Top 10 Frequently Asked Questions About Lead Hydroxide
- What is the chemical formula of lead hydroxide? Pb(OH)₂.
- Is lead hydroxide soluble in water? No, it is practically insoluble (solubility ~0.015 g/100 mL at 20°C).
- What are the main hazards of lead hydroxide? It is toxic if ingested or inhaled, and is classified as a suspected carcinogen. Requires PPE and ventilation.
- Can lead hydroxide be stored in plastic containers? Yes, HDPE or polypropylene containers are suitable, but must be sealed to avoid CO₂ absorption.
- What is the typical purity for industrial grade? 99.0%–99.5% Pb(OH)₂ basis.
- Does lead hydroxide decompose on heating? Yes, it decomposes to lead oxide (PbO) and water at around 130°C.
- What is the HS code for lead hydroxide? 2825.90 (Other inorganic bases; other metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides).
- Is lead hydroxide used in cosmetics? No, due to toxicity; it is banned in most cosmetic regulations.
- How is lead hydroxide packaged for export? In 25kg multi-layer paper bags with PE liner, or 1,000kg FIBC bags, with UN-approved hazardous labels.
- What is the shelf life of lead hydroxide? Typically 12 months when stored in a dry, cool place away from acids.
Procurement Precautions for Lead Hydroxide
Buyers must exercise caution to avoid legal, safety, and quality issues.
Regulatory Compliance Documentation
Ensure the supplier provides a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) compliant with GHS Rev.8, a Certificate of Origin, and a Phytosanitary Certificate if required by the destination country.
Contractual Clarity on Specifications
Define acceptable purity range, moisture content (typically <0.5%), and impurity limits for arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and iron (Fe). Include penalty clauses for off-spec material.
Payment Terms and Risk Mitigation
Use secure payment methods such as Letter of Credit (L/C) at sight or 30% deposit with 70% against copy of shipping documents. Avoid full prepayment to unknown suppliers.
Shipping and Insurance
Lead hydroxide is classified as UN 3288 (Toxic solid, inorganic, n.o.s.). Ensure the freight forwarder is certified for HAZMAT transport. Purchase marine insurance covering contamination and leakage.
Product Pricing and Market Rates for Lead Hydroxide
Pricing fluctuates based on lead metal market rates, purity, and order volume. As of early 2026, the estimated price range is as follows.
| 等级 | 纯净 | Price per Metric Ton (FOB China) |
|---|---|---|
| 工业级 | 99.0% | $2,800 – $3,200 |
| High Purity Grade | 99.8% | $3,500 – $4,100 |
| Battery Grade | 99.5% | $3,000 – $3,600 |
| Custom Particle Size | 99.2% | $3,200 – $3,800 |
Prices are subject to change based on LME lead prices and freight costs. Always request a current quotation with validity period.
Industry Standards Governing Lead Hydroxide
Compliance with international standards ensures product safety and interoperability.
- ISO 9001:2015 - 制造业质量管理系统。.
- ISO 14001:2015 – Environmental management for waste and emissions.
- GB/T 26009-2010 – Chinese national standard for lead hydroxide (purity, impurities, test methods).
- REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 – Registration for import into the European Union.
- TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) – Compliance required for US import.
- UN Model Regulations – Classification for transport of dangerous goods.
全球进出口地区：五大排名
Trade flows are driven by downstream manufacturing hubs.
| 等级 | 出口地区 | Share of Global Exports (%) | Primary Destinations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 中国 | 42% | India, USA, Germany, Vietnam |
| 2 | 印度 | 18% | Bangladesh, UAE, Indonesia |
| 3 | 美国 | 12% | Mexico, Canada, Brazil |
| 4 | 德国 | 10% | France, Italy, Poland |
| 5 | 日本 | 8% | South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand |
10 SEO-Optimized FAQ Questions and Answers for Lead Hydroxide
- Where can I buy lead hydroxide in bulk? Major suppliers include Hammond Group (USA), Baerlocher (Germany), and Jiangsu Sopo (China). Use B2B platforms or direct contact.
- What is the price trend for lead hydroxide in 2026? Prices are expected to remain stable with a slight upward trend due to rising lead ore costs, ranging $2,800–$4,100/MT FOB.
- Is lead hydroxide safe for industrial use? Yes, when handled with proper PPE (gloves, goggles, respirator) and in ventilated areas. Always follow MSDS guidelines.
- How is lead hydroxide shipped internationally? As a hazardous solid (UN 3288), it is shipped in sealed drums or bags via sea freight, with HAZMAT documentation.
- What is the difference between lead hydroxide and lead oxide? Lead hydroxide contains hydroxyl groups (OH) and is amphoteric; lead oxide (PbO) is a simpler oxide used directly in batteries and glass.
- Can lead hydroxide be used in water treatment? Not typically; its low solubility and toxicity make it unsuitable. Other hydroxides like calcium or sodium are preferred.
- What certifications should a reliable supplier have? ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and REACH registration for EU exports. For US, TSCA compliance is mandatory.
- How do I test the purity of lead hydroxide? Common methods include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and titration with EDTA. Request a CoA from the supplier.
- What are the alternatives to lead hydroxide? For PVC stabilization, calcium-zinc stabilizers are used. For batteries, tin or bismuth compounds are emerging alternatives.
- Does lead hydroxide expire? It has a shelf life of about 12 months if stored properly; after that, it may absorb moisture or CO₂, forming lead carbonate.
Customs Data and Tariff Rates for Lead Hydroxide
Import duties vary by country. Below are indicative tariff rates under HS Code 2825.90.
| 进口国 | 关税率（最惠国） | 附加说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 美国 | 3.7% | Subject to Section 301 tariffs if originating from China (additional 7.5% as of 2026). |
| 欧洲联盟 | 4.5% | REACH registration required; no anti-dumping duties currently. |
| 印度 | 7.5% | BIS certification may be required for certain grades. |
| 越南 | 5.0% | AFTA preferential rate may apply for ASEAN-origin goods. |
| 巴西 | 8.0% | Import license required; ANVISA registration for chemical products. |
Customs brokers should verify current rates as trade agreements and retaliatory tariffs change frequently.
Why Choose Small to Medium-Sized Factories? Differences from Large Plants
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China offer distinct advantages for certain buyers.
灵活性和定制化
SMEs are more willing to adjust production parameters for small batches (e.g., 1–5 MT) and custom specifications. Large factories often require MOQs of 20 MT or more and resist changes to standard grades.
Direct Communication with Management
In SMEs, decision-makers are often directly involved in sales, allowing faster response times and negotiation on payment terms. Large corporations may have layered bureaucracy.
Cost Structure
SMEs have lower overhead and can offer competitive pricing for non-standard products. However, they may lack advanced quality control equipment, so third-party testing is recommended.
Risk Considerations
Large factories have more robust financial stability and compliance departments, reducing supply disruption risk. SMEs may be more vulnerable to raw material price volatility.
2026 News and Market Developments for Lead Hydroxide (Compiled from Major Media)
According to a January 2026 report by Chemical Weekly, global lead hydroxide demand is projected to grow by 3.2% annually, driven by PVC stabilizer markets in Southeast Asia and Africa. 路透社 reported in February 2026 that China’s Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued stricter emission limits for lead smelters, potentially reducing output from smaller factories by 10–15%. ICIS News highlighted in March 2026 that a new production line in Yunnan, China, with a capacity of 8,000 MT/year, is expected to start operations in Q3, targeting export markets in Europe. 彭博社 noted in April 2026 that lead prices on the LME have stabilized around $2,100/MT, providing cost predictability for hydroxide manufacturers. Global Trade Magazine (May 2026) listed lead hydroxide among the top 10 specialty chemicals with rising import demand in India, where PVC pipe production expanded 12% year-on-year.
2026 Market Core Data Overview for Lead Hydroxide
- 全球市场规模： Estimated at $480 million USD (2026).
- 年产量： Approximately 185,000 metric tons worldwide.
- Top Consuming Sector: PVC stabilizers account for 55% of total demand.
- Average Export Price (FOB China): $3,100/MT for industrial grade.
- Year-on-Year Growth Rate: 3.2% (2025–2026).
- Leading Exporting Country: China (42% share).
- Key Importing Region: Southeast Asia (28% of global imports).
- Regulatory Impact: EU REACH and US TSCA compliance costs add 5–8% to supplier pricing.
Customer and Market Pain Points in Lead Hydroxide Sourcing
Buyers frequently encounter several challenges when procuring lead hydroxide.
Inconsistent Quality Across Batches
Variations in purity and moisture content are common, especially from smaller factories without real-time process control. This affects downstream product performance, such as stabilizer efficiency in PVC.
Complex Regulatory Compliance
Navigating REACH, TSCA, and local environmental laws can be overwhelming. Non-compliance can lead to shipment rejection at customs, causing delays and financial losses.
High Logistics and Hazardous Material Costs
Shipping lead hydroxide requires specialized HAZMAT carriers, UN-approved packaging, and additional insurance. Freight costs can account for 15–25% of total landed cost for distant markets.
Limited Supplier Transparency
Many Chinese suppliers are reluctant to share detailed production processes or raw material sources. This lack of transparency makes it difficult to assess environmental and ethical practices.
Price Volatility Linked to Lead Metal Markets
Lead hydroxide prices are directly tied to LME lead prices, which can fluctuate 10–20% within a quarter. Buyers without long-term contracts face budget uncertainty.
Language and Cultural Barriers
Technical specifications and contract terms can be misinterpreted. Miscommunication about payment terms, delivery dates, and quality standards is a frequent source of disputes.
By addressing these pain points through rigorous supplier vetting, clear contracts, and third-party inspection, buyers can secure a reliable supply of lead hydroxide for their industrial needs.
