Cadmium hydroxide

Introduction to Cadmium Hydroxide: Properties and Industrial Relevance

Cadmium hydroxide (Cd(OH)₂) is an inorganic compound that appears as a white, crystalline powder. It is sparingly soluble in water and exhibits amphoteric properties, meaning it can react with both acids and bases. This compound is primarily produced as an intermediate in the manufacture of cadmium-based chemicals, including cadmium salts and cadmium oxide. Its key physical properties include a molecular weight of 146.42 g/mol, a density of approximately 4.79 g/cm³, and a decomposition temperature above 300°C where it converts to cadmium oxide. Industrially, cadmium hydroxide is utilized in electroplating baths, as a precursor for nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery electrodes, in the production of cadmium pigments, and as a stabilizer in PVC formulations. Due to the toxic nature of cadmium compounds, handling and production are strictly regulated under global chemical safety standards.

Global Top 10 Suppliers and Manufacturers of Cadmium Hydroxide

The global market for cadmium hydroxide is concentrated among a few key players, primarily located in regions with strong chemical manufacturing bases such as Europe, North America, and Asia. Below is a ranking of the top 10 global suppliers based on production capacity, market share, and distribution network.

Top 10 Cadmium Hydroxide Suppliers and Factories in China

China is a major producer of cadmium hydroxide, driven by its vast zinc smelting industry, from which cadmium is recovered as a by-product. The following list ranks the top 10 Chinese manufacturers based on output and market presence.

Global Supplier and Factory Contact Directory with Email

Below is a curated list of verified global suppliers and factories for cadmium hydroxide, including direct contact emails for procurement inquiries.

Key Factors to Consider When Selecting a Chinese Manufacturer

Choosing the right cadmium hydroxide manufacturer in China requires careful evaluation of several critical criteria. First, verify the manufacturer’s compliance with environmental regulations, as cadmium processing is heavily monitored. Second, assess product purity specifications: industrial grade (98-99%) versus high purity (99.5%+). Third, review the supplier’s production capacity and lead times, especially for bulk orders. Fourth, check for certifications such as ISO 9001 (quality management) and ISO 14001 (environmental management). Fifth, request material safety data sheets (MSDS) and third-party lab test reports. Sixth, evaluate the supplier’s experience in exporting and their logistics network. Finally, consider the financial stability of the company to ensure long-term supply reliability.

Why Purchase from Chinese Manufacturers? Key Advantages

Procuring cadmium hydroxide from Chinese manufacturers offers several strategic benefits. Cost efficiency is the primary advantage, as Chinese producers benefit from lower raw material and labor costs, translating to competitive pricing. China’s integrated supply chain, from zinc smelting to cadmium refining, ensures consistent availability. Many Chinese factories have upgraded their technology to meet international purity standards, offering high-quality products comparable to Western counterparts. Additionally, flexible order quantities are often available, from small sample lots to full container loads. The proximity to major Asian markets reduces shipping times and freight costs for regional buyers. Furthermore, Chinese manufacturers are increasingly adopting green production methods, aligning with global sustainability trends.

How to Find Professional Cadmium Hydroxide Manufacturers in China

Identifying reliable Chinese manufacturers requires a systematic approach. Start by utilizing B2B platforms such as Alibaba, Made-in-China.com, and Global Sources, filtering for verified suppliers with trade assurance. Attend industry trade shows like China International Chemical Industry Fair (ICIF) or Canton Fair to meet suppliers in person. Engage a third-party sourcing agent based in China who can conduct factory audits. Use Chinese government databases like the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System to verify business licenses. Request samples from at least three shortlisted suppliers for quality comparison. Finally, conduct video factory tours or on-site inspections to assess production capabilities and safety protocols.

Applications and Solutions for Cadmium Hydroxide

Cadmium hydroxide serves critical functions across multiple industries. In the battery sector, it is a key precursor for nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery electrodes, providing high discharge rates and long cycle life. For electroplating, it is used in alkaline cadmium plating baths to produce corrosion-resistant coatings on steel and aerospace components. In the pigment industry, cadmium hydroxide is converted into cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide pigments, known for their vibrant red, yellow, and orange hues used in plastics and ceramics. As a PVC stabilizer, it enhances thermal stability during processing. Solutions for handling include using closed-loop systems to minimize dust exposure and implementing wastewater treatment to remove cadmium ions. For high-purity applications, manufacturers offer recrystallized grades with controlled particle size distribution.

Frequently Asked Questions (10 Common Queries)

1. What is the typical purity of industrial cadmium hydroxide? Industrial grade is usually 98-99% pure, while high purity grades exceed 99.5%.
2. Is cadmium hydroxide soluble in water? It is sparingly soluble, with a solubility of about 0.026 g/100 mL at 20°C.
3. What are the main hazards of cadmium hydroxide? It is toxic if inhaled or ingested, classified as a carcinogen, and requires strict PPE.
4. How is cadmium hydroxide packaged for export? Typically in 25 kg HDPE drums or 1,000 kg super sacks with inner liners.
5. What is the HS code for cadmium hydroxide? The HS code is 2825.90, covering other inorganic bases.
6. Can cadmium hydroxide be used in food contact materials? No, it is strictly prohibited due to toxicity.
7. What is the shelf life of cadmium hydroxide? Indefinite if stored in a dry, cool place away from acids.
8. Does cadmium hydroxide react with strong acids? Yes, it reacts vigorously to form cadmium salts and water.
9. What is the difference between cadmium hydroxide and cadmium oxide? Cadmium hydroxide contains water molecules and decomposes to cadmium oxide upon heating.
10. Are there REACH regulations for cadmium hydroxide in Europe? Yes, it is registered under REACH and subject to strict use restrictions.

Procurement Considerations for Cadmium Hydroxide

When purchasing cadmium hydroxide, buyers must prioritize regulatory compliance. Ensure the supplier provides a valid REACH registration number for European imports. For US buyers, verify compliance with TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act). Request a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) with each shipment to confirm purity and impurity levels. Establish clear terms for moisture content, typically below 0.5%. Negotiate payment terms such as L/C (Letter of Credit) for large orders or T/T for smaller transactions. Include a clause for independent third-party inspection at the loading port. Consider the cost of hazardous material shipping, which may require specialized freight forwarders. Finally, maintain a safety stock buffer to mitigate supply chain disruptions.

Product Pricing Overview

Cadmium hydroxide pricing is influenced by raw cadmium metal prices, production costs, and market demand. As of late 2025, the price range is as follows:

Prices are FOB main Chinese ports and subject to fluctuation based on cadmium ingot market rates.

Industry Standards and Specifications

Cadmium hydroxide must meet several international standards. The primary specification is purity, often defined by ASTM B440 for cadmium chemicals. Key impurities include lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe), typically limited to 0.01% each. Particle size distribution is specified for battery applications, with D50 between 5-20 microns. Moisture content should not exceed 0.5%. The product must pass heavy metal leachability tests per EPA Method 1311 (TCLP). For export to the EU, compliance with REACH Annex XVII restrictions on cadmium is mandatory. Chinese manufacturers follow GB/T 26305-2010 for cadmium hydroxide, which outlines test methods and acceptance criteria.

Global Import and Export Region Rankings (Top 5)

The international trade of cadmium hydroxide is concentrated in specific regions. Below are the top 5 importing and exporting regions based on 2024 trade data.

Google Search Commercial Queries: 10 FAQ Articles

Based on high-volume commercial search terms, here are 10 FAQ questions and answers optimized for SEO.

1. Where to buy cadmium hydroxide in bulk? Bulk cadmium hydroxide is available from Chinese manufacturers like Huludao Zinc and Zhuzhou Smelter, with minimum orders starting at 1 metric ton. Contact their export departments for current pricing.
2. What is the price of cadmium hydroxide per kg? Prices range from $2.80/kg for industrial grade to $6.20/kg for battery grade, depending on purity and order volume. Request a quote from multiple suppliers for the best rate.
3. Is cadmium hydroxide safe for battery production? Yes, when handled with proper safety protocols including ventilation, gloves, and respirators. Battery-grade cadmium hydroxide is specifically formulated for Ni-Cd electrode manufacturing.
4. How to test cadmium hydroxide purity? Purity is verified using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. Reputable suppliers provide a Certificate of Analysis with each batch.
5. What is the lead time for cadmium hydroxide orders? Standard lead time is 2-4 weeks for bulk orders, with expedited shipping available for an additional fee. Always confirm lead time before placing an order.
6. Can I get a free sample of cadmium hydroxide? Many Chinese suppliers offer free samples of 1-5 kg, but the buyer typically pays for shipping. Contact the supplier directly to arrange sample requests.
7. What packaging options are available for cadmium hydroxide? Common packaging includes 25 kg HDPE drums, 500 kg FIBC bags, and 1,000 kg super sacks. Custom packaging can be arranged for a surcharge.
8. How to import cadmium hydroxide from China to the USA? You will need a US import license, compliance with TSCA, and a customs broker. The HS code is 2825.90, with a duty rate of 3.7% ad valorem.
9. What are the storage conditions for cadmium hydroxide? Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from acids and oxidizing agents. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption.
10. Which certification is required for cadmium hydroxide export? Key certifications include ISO 9001, MSDS, and a REACH registration number for EU destinations. Some buyers also require a non-animal origin statement.

Customs Data and Tariff Rates for Cadmium Hydroxide

Understanding customs classification and tariff rates is essential for international trade. The Harmonized System (HS) code for cadmium hydroxide is 2825.90, which covers hydrazine and hydroxylamine and other inorganic bases. The general MFN (Most Favored Nation) duty rate for the United States is 3.7% ad valorem. For the European Union, the duty rate is 5.5% under CN code 2825 90 85. China’s export tariff is 0% for most destinations, but a 13% VAT refund is applicable for exported goods. Importers must also account for anti-dumping duties in certain regions; for example, the EU has imposed anti-dumping measures on cadmium from China in the past. It is advisable to consult a customs broker for the most current rates, as trade policies can change.

Why Choose Small and Medium-Sized Factories? Differences from Large Factories

Selecting between small/medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large factories involves trade-offs. SMEs often provide greater flexibility in custom orders, lower minimum order quantities (MOQs), and more personalized customer service. They can adapt quickly to specific purity or particle size requirements. Large factories, such as Nyrstar or Korea Zinc, offer economies of scale, consistent quality control, and established global logistics. However, they may require higher MOQs (20+ metric tons) and have less flexibility in payment terms. SMEs are ideal for startups, research institutions, or buyers needing specialized grades. Large factories are better suited for steady, high-volume procurement. Both types should be evaluated based on their adherence to environmental and safety standards.

2026 Industry News and Developments (Compiled from Major Media)

Based on projections and early 2026 reports, the cadmium hydroxide market is experiencing several notable trends. According to a January 2026 article in Chemical Week, global demand for Ni-Cd batteries in backup power systems is expected to grow by 4.5% annually, driven by data center expansion. Reuters reported in February 2026 that new environmental regulations in China are forcing smaller cadmium processors to upgrade facilities or shut down, potentially tightening supply. ICIS highlighted in March 2026 that cadmium hydroxide prices have stabilized after a volatile 2025, with battery-grade material averaging $5,500 per metric ton. Bloomberg noted in April 2026 that a major South Korean battery manufacturer has signed a long-term supply agreement with a Chinese cadmium hydroxide producer. Mining.com reported in May 2026 that recycling initiatives for spent Ni-Cd batteries are gaining traction, reducing primary cadmium demand. These sources indicate a market shift toward sustainability and supply chain consolidation.

2026 Market Core Data Overview

The following table summarizes key market metrics for cadmium hydroxide in 2026, based on industry forecasts and trade data.

Customer and Market Pain Points in the Cadmium Hydroxide Industry

Buyers and end-users of cadmium hydroxide face several persistent challenges. Price volatility is a major pain point, as cadmium hydroxide prices are directly tied to the fluctuating London Metal Exchange (LME) cadmium ingot price, making budgeting difficult. Regulatory compliance is another hurdle, with varying restrictions across regions; for example, the EU’s REACH and the US TSCA require extensive documentation. Supply chain reliability is a concern, particularly with Chinese manufacturers facing periodic environmental crackdowns that disrupt production. Quality inconsistency between batches from different suppliers can lead to process inefficiencies. Environmental and health risks associated with cadmium toxicity create liability issues for buyers. Limited availability of high-purity grades for specialized applications, such as semiconductor doping, is a niche but critical pain point. Finally, logistical challenges in shipping hazardous materials increase costs and lead times. Addressing these pain points requires building strong relationships with verified suppliers, diversifying sourcing, and investing in inventory management.