{"id":4313,"date":"2026-04-09T06:40:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T22:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/control-unit\/"},"modified":"2026-05-19T12:46:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T04:46:08","slug":"control-unit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/ar\/control-unit\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ai-article-toc\">\n<h4>\ud83d\udcd1 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-91cb3a02816217db9a107db120b1de20\">\ud83d\udcc4 1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-bf71e9bfa16e36534923ff6d172ded98\">\ud83d\udcc4 2. \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 10 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2025-2026)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-41bcdabefcd9351c7cc95284c5100000\">\ud83d\udcc4 3. \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 10 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-bc9add191b5ddcd7f7d4d045e3e51021\">\ud83d\udcc4 4. \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-38986d80ea830879e0c655a2c46f932f\">\ud83d\udcc4 5. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-45a9d19a8ea5055d8845808d145e7038\">\ud83d\udcc4 6. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-bc96072b6330377c8b6cb3d34437ee2a\">\ud83d\udcc4 7. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-a373e3c3cdd93f0a6c8f915f8bc39153\">\ud83d\udccc\u0639\u0644\u0645 7.1 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a \u0625\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-eed5d969989d2209a31e2ef34fbbe259\">\ud83d\udccc 7.2 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0628\u0648)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9fb7bf23aa59bee3c62cdaa108ad5157\">\ud83d\udccc\u0639\u0644\u0645 7.3 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634 (\u0634\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-f34e3952ecbf4196fc21cb45634c0997\">\ud83d\udcc4 8. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-c5e8054560811d1c05641032c23f42aa\">\ud83d\udcc4 9. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-bcba1bd5cb1a6472074c148d7061a092\">\ud83d\udccc9.1 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (ECU) \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a ICE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-f672d43dbefc981367891da73cdb95db\">\ud83d\udccc9.2 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a (BMS) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9b64a22d737258902e7db7d3cd42a646\">\ud83d\udccc9.3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-d02ac96b2830b52cb3ea7ae13a35b86e\">\ud83d\udcc4 10. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (10 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0f56a26c823b0c9cf8d2334f7bccdb30\">\ud83d\udcc4 11. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-b776e13503e2d239ea9cbdc75b1ef3ee\">\ud83d\udcc4 12. \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-601273e95339b10b51cff45fa8f2ed22\">\ud83d\udcc4 13. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2026)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-e05173358484483d3219891b4e791414\">\ud83d\udcc4 14. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-f4366efb1be90645e8867e7f4ec37b98\">\ud83d\udcc4 15. \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 5 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\/\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (2025)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8367a853430b0edabdf7e2668e616230\">\ud83d\udcc4 16. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064810 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-f5478a520b8401d84408efffbd373e73\">\ud83d\udcc4 17. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-37421234e55ef2c7c55ea1d71d0be379\">\ud83d\udcc4 18. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-a7664978de6ad82314c949ba84412b24\">\ud83d\udcc4 19. \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026: \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-264cb363921b9f332bdd94af0a42cf55\">\ud83d\udcc4 20. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-b80971b209430551bbeae25392b53fe2\">\ud83d\udcc4 21. \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5190bca1481eb1eebd5a0e3d954c4956\">\ud83d\udcc4 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645: \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"toc-91cb3a02816217db9a107db120b1de20\">1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>An automotive control unit (ECU \u2013 Electronic Control Unit) is a sophisticated embedded system that manages, monitors, and controls various functions within a vehicle. From engine timing and fuel injection to braking, airbags, and infotainment, the control unit acts as the central nervous system of modern cars. With the rise of electric vehicles (EVs) and autonomous driving, the complexity and importance of control units have skyrocketed. Each vehicle today contains between 50 to 150 ECUs, depending on its make and model. These units process real-time data from sensors, execute algorithms, and send commands to actuators, ensuring optimal performance, safety, and efficiency.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-bf71e9bfa16e36534923ff6d172ded98\">2. \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 10 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2025-2026)<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a 2025 (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Robert Bosch GmbH<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>$52.3<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (ESP)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 (ADAS)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>$38.1<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$36.7<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 ZF Friedrichshafen AG<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>$34.5<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>Aptiv PLC<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/td>\n<td>$18.9<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0634.\u0645.\u0645.<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/td>\n<td>$17.2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$16.8<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/td>\n<td>$15.4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$12.1<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$10.8<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"toc-41bcdabefcd9351c7cc95284c5100000\">3. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 10 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 10 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a \u0625\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0628\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c V2X\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>UAES (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0634\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0631\u064a (\u0634\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632)<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 (MDC)\u060c ADAS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 BYD \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/td>\n<td>IGBT\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 MCU\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"toc-bc9add191b5ddcd7f7d4d045e3e51021\">4. \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0648\u0634<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>automotive.ecu@bosch.com<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>ecu.sales@continental.com<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>automotive@denso.com<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ZF \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0641\u0646 ZF Friedrichshafen<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>info@zf.com<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/td>\n<td>automotive.sales@aptiv.com<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c ADAS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/td>\n<td>valeo.contact@valeo.com<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>mobis.ecu@mobis.com<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/td>\n<td>electronics@magna.com<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>astemo.info@hitachi.com<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>automotive@panasonic.com<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"toc-38986d80ea830879e0c655a2c46f932f\">5. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IATF 16949 (\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648ISO 26262 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648AEC-Q100 (\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (AUTOSAR\u060c OSEK) \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (TSMC\u060c SMIC) \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c:<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0648\u0643) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d (NDA) \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"toc-45a9d19a8ea5055d8845808d145e7038\">6. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 20-40% \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639) \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 EV:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a (BMS) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"toc-a373e3c3cdd93f0a6c8f915f8bc39153\">7.1 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a \u0625\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648)<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Desay SV \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"toc-eed5d969989d2209a31e2ef34fbbe259\">7.2 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0628\u0648)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 KSS (\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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(\u0634\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Neusoft Reach \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 V2X \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 2+ \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (B2B) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Alibaba (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648Global Sources\u060c \u0648Made-in-China. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u201c\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 IATF 16949\u201d \u0648\u201c\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u201d.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (CAAM).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b:<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 SGS\u060c \u0623\u0648 T\u00dcV Rheinland\u060c \u0623\u0648 Bureau Veritas \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (CECC) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 LinkedIn:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 SAIC \u0623\u0648 Geely \u0623\u0648 BYD.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"toc-c5e8054560811d1c05641032c23f42aa\">9. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"toc-bcba1bd5cb1a6472074c148d7061a092\">9.1 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (ECU) \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a ICE<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0629 2.0 \u0644\u062a\u0631.<br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 Bosch \u0623\u0648 Continental \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 32 \u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 FlexRay\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 UAES \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 30%.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"toc-f672d43dbefc981367891da73cdb95db\">9.2 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (BMS) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a (BMS) \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 BYD Semiconductor \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Neusoft Reach \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (OTA).<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"toc-9b64a22d737258902e7db7d3cd42a646\">9.3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 3 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.<br \/>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/strong> \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 MDC 810 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 400 TOPS\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Desay SV \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-d02ac96b2830b52cb3ea7ae13a35b86e\">10. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 (10 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629)<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ECU \u0648 VCU\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (ECU) \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. VCU (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 ECU \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628: \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 ISO 26262 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 CAN \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a ECU \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0645\u0646 8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 16 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646) \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 IATF 16949 \u0648ISO 26262\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a ASIL-D.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a ECU \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 500 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 100 \u0625\u0644\u0649 300 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 CNIPA\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 (HSM) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u062e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a ECU \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a ECU \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 30-50% \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b OTA (\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631)\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628: \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a ECU \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 AUTOSAR\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a AUTOSAR \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0f56a26c823b0c9cf8d2334f7bccdb30\">11. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644:<\/strong> \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (PPAP) \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 CIF \u0623\u0648 DDP \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a 30% \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064870% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 3-5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"toc-b776e13503e2d239ea9cbdc75b1ef3ee\">12. \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u201c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 CRC\u060c 2020).<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628. \u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0632 (\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0648\u0631\u062b-\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627\u201d \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0643. \u064a\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0646 (SAE International\u060c 2019).<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0646 (\u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0631\u060c 2021).<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0644 (SAE\u060c 2023).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"toc-601273e95339b10b51cff45fa8f2ed22\">13. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026)<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (100-500 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (1,000-10,000 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50,000 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (ICE)<\/td>\n<td>$85-$120<\/td>\n<td>$55-$75<\/td>\n<td>$35-$50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a (EV)<\/td>\n<td>$120-$180<\/td>\n<td>$70-$110<\/td>\n<td>$45-$65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 ADAS<\/td>\n<td>$350-$600<\/td>\n<td>$200-$350<\/td>\n<td>$120-$200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>$40-$70<\/td>\n<td>$25-$40<\/td>\n<td>$15-$25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$90-$140<\/td>\n<td>$55-$85<\/td>\n<td>$35-$55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"toc-e05173358484483d3219891b4e791414\">14. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ISO 2626262:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 (ASIL A \u0625\u0644\u0649 D).<\/li>\n<li><strong>IATF 16949:<\/strong> \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>AEC-Q100:<\/strong> \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648 16750 ISO 16750:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648 11452 ISO 11452:<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 - \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SAE J1939:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 CAN \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UN ECE R155\/ R156:<\/strong> \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"toc-f4366efb1be90645e8867e7f4ec37b98\">15. \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 5 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\/\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (2025)<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>$28.4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$32.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$24.7<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$22.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$18.2<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>$17.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$15.6<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$14.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$11.3<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td>$9.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8367a853430b0edabdf7e2668e616230\">16. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064810 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629:<\/strong> \u201c\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 2026\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u201c\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 ADAS\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Alibaba \u0623\u0648 Global Sources \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0640 Desay SV \u0623\u0648 Joyson \u0623\u0648 Neusoft Reach \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 ECU 2026 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 $35 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $120 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u061b \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 BYD Semiconductor \u0623\u0648 Hitachi Astemo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 IATF 16949\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 Desay SV \u0648Joeson \u0648UAES \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 IATF 16949.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 ADAS\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0645\u0646 $120 \u0625\u0644\u0649 $600 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a BYD Semiconductor\u060c \u0648Nuvation Energy\u060c \u0648Tex Texas Instruments \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0627 UAES \u0648Dongfeng Motor Electronic \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0648PPAP\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: ISO 26262 ISO\u060c \u0648UN ECE R155\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 CE.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\u062c: \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 IATF\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"toc-f5478a520b8401d84408efffbd373e73\">17. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 (HS) \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 8537.10 (\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629). \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2.5%<\/td>\n<td>7.5% (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 301)<\/td>\n<td>2.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>2.7%<\/td>\n<td>2.7% + 1% (\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642)<\/td>\n<td>0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>8%<\/td>\n<td>0% (\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<td>10%<\/td>\n<td>10%<\/td>\n<td>10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0%<\/td>\n<td>0% (FTA)<\/td>\n<td>0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 19% \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 13% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-37421234e55ef2c7c55ea1d71d0be379\">18. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (SMEs):<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0643 (100-500 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629) \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50,000 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-a7664978de6ad82314c949ba84412b24\">19. \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026: \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (2 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026)<\/strong> - \u201c\u0628\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 40%.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (5 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026)<\/strong> - \u201c\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (ECU) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a (10 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026)<\/strong> - \u201c\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Desay SV \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Nvidia \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 (15 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026)<\/strong> - \u201c\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 $2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 TSMC.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062c (20 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026)<\/strong> - \u201c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 7.51 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 301\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: SAE International (22 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026)<\/strong> - \u201c\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 26262 (2026) \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-264cb363921b9f332bdd94af0a42cf55\">20. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2026)<\/td>\n<td>$89.4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (2024-2030)<\/td>\n<td>7.2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u062d\u0635\u0629 32%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a ADAS (14.5% CAGR)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>41% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 (581 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>85 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (ICE)\u060c 120 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$45-$120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>1,200 1+ \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"toc-b80971b209430551bbeae25392b53fe2\">21. \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642:<\/strong> \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a MCU \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 28 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u064840 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 6 \u064812 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c:<\/strong> \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0632\u0645 AUTOSAR \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a UN R155 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a OTA \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 5 \u0648101 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u06483 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a 32 \u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 64 \u0628\u062a) \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 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\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0643.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udcd1 Table of Contents \ud83d\udcc4 1. Introduction: What Is an Automotive Control Unit? \ud83d\udcc4 2. Global Top 10 Control Unit Suppliers &amp; Factories (2025\u20132026) \ud83d\udcc4 3. Top 10 Control Unit Suppliers &amp; Factories in China \ud83d\udcc4 4. Global Supplier &amp; Factory Directory with Contact Information \ud83d\udcc4 5. Key Factors When Selecting a Chinese Control Unit [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[321,320,132],"class_list":["post-4313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-auto-parts","tag-computer","tag-cpu","tag-hardware"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4313\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/factory-supplier.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}